Nov 08, 1996 Hype!: Directed by Doug Pray. With 7 Year Bitch, Valerie M. Agnew, Carrie Akre, Jeff Ament. Documentary covering the growth and subsequent overexposure of the Seattle 'grunge' music scene in the early 90s.
- New Product Range: Hype Active. Hype Drinks' new product range focuses on isotonic beverages. Famously known for its iconic energy drinks product line, Hype Drinks is first and foremost a functional beverages company, focusing on.
- Basic Party for 10: $229. 10 Adventure passes good for 2 hours. 1 hour in party room + host. 10 pairs of Hype jump socks. From $22.90 p.p.
The Gartner hype cycle is a graphical presentation developed, used and branded by the American research, advisory and information technology firm Gartner to represent the maturity, adoption, and social application of specific technologies. The hype cycle claims to provide a graphical and conceptual presentation of the maturity of emerging technologies through five phases. The model is not perfect and research so far shows possible improvements for the model.[1]
Five phases[edit]
Each hype cycle drills down into the five key phases of a technology's life cycle.
| No. | Phase | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Technology Trigger | A potential technology breakthrough kicks things off. Early proof-of-concept stories and media interest trigger significant publicity. Often no usable products exist and commercial viability is unproven. |
| 2 | Peak of Inflated Expectations | Early publicity produces a number of success stories—often accompanied by scores of failures. Some companies take action; most don't. |
| 3 | Trough of Disillusionment | Interest wanes as experiments and implementations fail to deliver. Producers of the technology shake out or fail. Investment continues only if the surviving providers improve their products to the satisfaction of early adopters. |
| 4 | Slope of Enlightenment | More instances of how the technology can benefit the enterprise start to crystallize and become more widely understood. Second- and third-generation products appear from technology providers. More enterprises fund pilots; conservative companies remain cautious. |
| 5 | Plateau of Productivity | Mainstream adoption starts to take off. Criteria for assessing provider viability are more clearly defined. The technology's broad market applicability and relevance are clearly paying off. If the technology has more than a niche market then it will continue to grow.[2] |
The term 'hype cycle' and each of the associated phases are now used more broadly in the marketing of new technologies.
Hype in new media[edit]
Hype (in the more general media sense of the term 'hype'[3]) plays a large part in the adoption of new media. Analyses of the Internet in the 1990s featured large amounts of hype,[4][5][6] and that created 'debunking' responses.[3] A longer-term historical perspective on such cycles can be found in the research of the economist Carlota Perez.[7] Desmond Roger Laurence, in the field of clinical pharmacology, described a similar process in drug development in the seventies.[citation needed]
Criticisms[edit]
There have been numerous criticisms[8][9][10][11] of the hype cycle, prominent among which are that it is not a cycle, that the outcome does not depend on the nature of the technology itself, that it is not scientific in nature, and that it does not reflect changes over time in the speed at which technology develops. Another is that it is limited in its application, as it prioritizes economic considerations in decision-making processes. It seems to assume that a business' performance is tied to the hype cycle, whereas this may actually have more to do with the way a company devises its branding strategy.[citation needed] A related criticism is that the 'cycle' has no real benefits to the development or marketing of new technologies and merely comments on pre-existing trends. Specific disadvantages when compared to, for example, technology readiness level are:
- The cycle is not scientific in nature, and there is no data or analysis that would justify the cycle.
- With the (subjective) terms disillusionment, enlightenment and expectations it cannot be described objectively or clearly where technology now really is.
- The terms are misleading in the sense that one gets the wrong idea what they can use a technology for. The user does not want to be disappointed, so should they stay away from technology in the Trough of Disillusionment?
- No action perspective is offered to move technology to a next phase.
- This appears to be a very simplified impulse response of an elastic system representable by a differential equation. Perhaps more telling would be to formulate a system model with solutions conforming to observable behavior.
An analysis of Gartner Hype Cycles since 2000[11] shows that few technologies actually travel through an identifiable hype cycle, and that in practice most of the important technologies adopted since 2000 were not identified early in their adoption cycles.
See also[edit]
- AI winter, in referring to periods of disillusionment with artificial intelligence.
References[edit]
- ^Steinert, Martin. 'Scrutinizing Gartner's hype cycle approach'. ResearchGate. IEEE Xplore. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^1963-, Chaffey, Dave (2016). Digital marketing. Ellis-Chadwick, Fiona (Sixth ed.). Harlow: Pearson. pp. 140–141. ISBN9781292077611. OCLC942844494.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ^ abFlew, Terry (2008). New Media: An Introduction (3rd ed.). South Melbourne: OUP Australia and New Zealand. ISBN978-0-19-555149-5.
- ^Negroponte, Nicolas (1996-01-03). Being Digital (1st ed.). Vintage. ISBN978-0-679-76290-4.
- ^Kelly, Kevin (1997-09-01). 'New Rules For The New Economy'. Wired. 5 (9). Retrieved 2011-12-30.
- ^Dyson, Esther (1997). Release 2.0: A Design For Living In The Digital Age (1st ed.). New York: Broadway Books.
- ^Henton, Doug; Held, Kim (2013). 'The dynamics of Silicon Valley: Creative destruction and the evolution of the innovation habitat'. Social Science Information. 52 (4): 539–557. doi:10.1177/0539018413497542. ISSN0539-0184. S2CID145780832.
- ^First published in the 2005 blog:
Veryard, Richard (September 16, 2005). 'Technology Hype Curve'. Retrieved March 10, 2016. - ^Weinberg, Gerald; et al. (September 5, 2003). HypeCycle. AYE Conference. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^Aranda, Jorge (October 22, 2006). 'Cheap shots at the Gartner Hype Curve'. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ ab'8 Lessons from 20 Years of Hype Cycles'. LinkedIn Pulse. 2016-12-07. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
Further reading[edit]
- Jackie Fenn & Mark Raskino (2008). Mastering the Hype Cycle: How to Choose the Right Innovation at the Right Time. Harvard Business Press. ISBN978-1-4221-2110-8.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hype cycle. |
- Hype Cycle Research Methodology, the official materials.
ByJudith Vandsburger
These advances have not been limited to changes in the core inkjet technology. They also encompass new concepts in color systems and color management, some of which were developed solely for the wide format domain.
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While just a few years ago, four-color printing was the only way to go wide format, today's buyers are exposed to many color concepts and many different terminologies that are often used to describe the same thing. Likewise, a variety of related terms are used in conjunction with these color concepts sometimes rightly and sometimes totally out ofcontext.
This document attempts to sort out some of this confusion. It reviews the different color concepts available today and explains each concept's merits and disadvantages. It also explains the relationship between the different systems available and other related terms such as color gamut, color space, apparent resolution and more.
6/8 COLORS: THE DARK/LIGHT AND HEXACHROME SYSTEMS
Let's review the different printing systems available today, in order to better understand the pros and cons of each.
Digital Process 4C
4 color CMYK printing system.
Digital Dark/Light 6C
6 color printing system that uses 2 diluted or 'light' colors in addition to the 4 dark colors: CMYK, LC, LM
Digital Dark/Light 8C
8 color printing system that uses 4 diluted or 'light' colors in addition to the 4 dark colors: CMYK, LC, LM, LY, LK. Digital Dark/Light systems (both 6C and 8C) enhance image quality inseveral aspects (as explained in the next chapter).
Digital Hexachrome ® 6C
6 color printing system developed by Pantone that uses Orange and Green (OG) in addition to the 4 dark CMYK colors. The Hexachrome color system attempts to match Spot Colors, also known as market-standard PMS (Pantone ® Matching System), commonly used in offset and screen printing systems.
Note: Hi-Fi color is any printing technique that uses more than four process inks in order to expand the tonal range of the printed piece. The term Hi-Fi is commonly used when referring to any of the three printingsystems described above: Digital Dark/Light 6C, Digital Dark/Light 8C, Digital Hexachrome 6C.
Style 2 1 download free. The following section explains common terms used in the industry.
6/8 COLORS: THE ADVANTAGES AND SOME 'SACRED COWS'
Color Gamut
In the following illustration (Image 1), the three polygons, each with six points, correspond to the six primary colors: C,M,Y,R,G,B. The area inside each polygon represents all the colors that can be produced with that particular set of inks. This is the Color Gamut, also known as the Color Space, of two different color reproduction systems, and provides a handy way for color scientist to display the relationship between different gamuts.
Color gamut differs from ink to ink due to the different ink pigmentation each company's color lab produces. In the above illustration, the gray polygon corresponds to the market standard Chromalin, which is commonly used as a reference base. The blue polygon corresponds to one type of 4C printer and the red polygon corresponds to a different 4C printer. In this example you can see that one set of ink can deliver a wider range of greens, while the other can deliver a wider range of reds. The type of media used is another factor that contributes to color gamut.
For instance, the better absorption characteristic of Flex media means it produces a wider 'apparent' color gamut than paper. The Dark/Light system is composed of either 2 or 4 additional diluted colors, namely: LC, LM (for the 6C system) or LC, LM, LY and LK (for the 8C system), combined in printing with the traditional CMYK Dark Colors.
Basically, the same ink pigments form the color gamuts for the 4C, 6C and 8C systems. Therefore, the outer limits of the color gamut are the same. However, the 6C and 8C systems produce a slightly wider 'apparent' gamut. The alternative Hexachrome Orange and Green (OG) 6C system has an evident wider color gamut than that of the Dark/Light systems. However, the Hexachrome system has suffered - and currently still suffers - from slow market acceptance, primarily due to difficulties in customizing color management.
6/8 Colors Reduce Graininess
Two parameters are mainly responsible for the graininess phenomenon in digital printing, these being ink density and positioning of printed dots on media. The graininess phenomenon is most noticeable in the highlight and mid-tone areas, mainly corresponding to skin tones, pastel colors and gradient images.
One of the goals of the 8C system is to reduce the graininess phenomenon. Using light inks means more printed dots are produced in the same printed area thereby achieving an ink density level comparable to that of 4C printing.
By printing more dots of light ink on a specific area and enhancing gray levels, the contrast between printed dots and background is invisible to the bare eye and therefore appears less grainy All in all, this formation contributes to a much smoother, homogeneous look, resulting in photo realistic image quality without graininess. Obviously, an 8C system will produce smoother images than a 6C system, especially in areas rich in K and Y.
Addressable and Apparent Resolution
Print resolution is conventionally described in terms of the number of dots printed per inch, measured in DPI. This resembles an imaginary grid into which the printer deposits dots of ink. The term 'Addressable Resolution' refers strictly to the number of dots that the printer can place - or address - on each linear inch of printed surface. Addressable resolution is the printer's ability to address and produce a specific number of dots in each linear inch of printed surface.
An 8C system produces twice as many gray levels per printed dot. It is therefore said that an image printed with a 8C system at an addressable resolution of 370 dpi, looks just as good to the human eye as the same image printed at 740 dpi from a 4C system. In other words, the human eye cannot perceive these slight nuances due to natural limitations. Hence, both prints would appear the same. One can claim that an 8C printer with an addressable resolution of 370 dpi apparently produces a printout with quality of 740 dpi, and thus has an 'Apparent Resolution' of 740 dpi.
8 COLOR PRINTING WHAT'S HYPE AND WHAT'S REAL?
When summarizing the overall benefits of the 8C system as opposed to that of the 4C system, the following conclusions can be drawn. 8C system:
- Increases apparent resolution Produces finer details
- Ensures smoother gradient transitions
- Produces vivid and crisp colors
- Reduces graininess
Hype 3 3 6 8 Commentary
The foundry nuke studio 11 3v1 download free. The 6C system is similar in all aspects, although to a lesser extent. However, 8C printing does have some disadvantages such as extra ink consumption and lower speed.
8C VS. 4C: TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE
Printed Samples
The following images are samples of two similar files, one printed with an 8C printer, the other printed with a 4C printer. Take a closer look at the following nuances found in the 8C sample (left side of each image):
Hype 3 3 6 8th
Summary: The Variety of Printing Systems
The following table describes the common 4C and 8C printing systems on the market today:
